New technologies for studying miRNA Interactions. (A) High-throughput sequencing technologies such as RNA-seq accurately detect miRNA sequences through steps including extraction, reverse-transcription, library amplification, sequencing, reads, and genome mapping. This provides accurate data for studying miRNA interactions and patient prognosis. (B) CRISPR/Cas9 can accurately knock out specific genes, facilitating the exploration of new miRNA interactions and understanding their mechanisms in cancer. (C) Using genetic, sample, and organ data sets, the relationship between miRNA and cancer is analyzed through machine learning algorithms and bioinformatics workflows, forming cross-omics networks to further explore miRNA's role in various diseases. (D) New technologies for studying miRNA interactions are categorized into LncRNA–miRNA, Circ–miRNA, miRNA–miRNA, and TF–mRNA. The miRNA–mRNA interaction is the most mature, with three major types of research tools: popular tools, text mining, and Immunoprecipitation-methods based.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key molecules that regulate gene expression. miRNAs regulate protein synthesis by binding to mRNA, influencing processes such as cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. They play a pivotal role in cancer development. Current research mainly explores miRNA mechanisms and applications, and the techniques underpinning this research are foundational to both basic science and clinical translation. However, no review has comprehensively examined miRNA mechanisms and applications from a technical perspective, creating a need for this work. Advances in RNA sequencing technology, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and bioinformatics tools have deepened our understanding of miRNA interactions. miRNA can serve as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, with significant clinical potential. The development of miRNA mimics and inhibitors has brought new hope for cancer treatment, especially in reversing cancer drug resistance. This article reviews the vital role of miRNA interactions in cancer occurrence, development, diagnosis, and treatment, providing new perspectives and strategies for personalized medicine and cancer therapy.

Article Access: https://doi.org/10.1002/mog2.93

More about MedComm-Oncology: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/27696448

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