Oncolytic virus (OV) activation of both systemic and local antitumor immunity. After OV infection, cell death, and the release of tumor-associated antigens, tumor-specific immune responses increase and destroy nearby and uninfected tumor cells. As a result of tumor cell lysis, immune responses are boosted by cytokines (including type I interferons [IFNs], IFN, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-12), viral PAMPs, and cellular DAMPs such heat shock proteins (HSPs), calreticulin, uric acid, and ATP. OVs enhance immune responses. The tumor microenvironment is altered by including an immune stimulatory chemical into OV genomes. The most popular immune stimulatory substance is GM-CSF, which is inserted into OV genomes to stimulate tumor antigen-specific T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as to mature and recruit dendritic cells as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (Reproduced with permission from Goradei et al.

The most deadly and aggressive form of brain cancer is called a glioblastoma multiforme. Following diagnosis, the median duration of survival is only 14 months. It is imperative to develop cutting-edge therapeutic options because the results of conventional treatments are so poor. Replication-competent oncolytic viruses and replication-deficient viral vectors can be used to treat malignant tumors, an idea that has been around for more than a century. Cancer cells can be eliminated by any class. Oncolytic viruses are created with the specific purpose of locating, attacking, and multiplying in cancerous cells while bypassing normal brain tissue. Because of this, the viruses can kill tumors while protecting healthy brain cells. Getting the oncolytic virus reach tumor locations where it is needed is the biggest challenge. If neural stem cells were used as carrier cells to deliver oncolytic viruses to the right tumor locations, glioblastoma multiforme virotherapy will be significantly more efficient. The most recent advancements in the field of utilizing neural stem cells to deliver oncolytic viruses into glioblastoma tumors are the main focus of this review.

Article Access: https://doi.org/10.1002/mog2.23

More about MedComm-Oncology: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/27696448

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